===== Educational Inequality =====

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**The Discipline Gap: Disproportionate suspensions, expulsions, and law enforcement referrals**
  * U.S. Department of Education, Office for Civil Rights / 2024: [[https://ocrdata.ed.gov/|Civil Rights Data Collection (CRDC): School Discipline Disparities]]
  * Educational Researcher, Losen & Martinez / 2025: [[https://journals.sagepub.com/home/edr|The Color of Discipline: Current Trends in Exclusionary Practices]]

**Academic Tracking: Lower placement in advanced courses despite aptitude**
  * The Education Trust, Patrick et al. / 2024: [[https://edtrust.org/resource/inequities-in-advanced-coursework/|Inequities in Advanced Coursework for Students of Color]]
  * American Educational Research Journal, Kelly & Price / 2025: [[https://journals.sagepub.com/home/aer|Racial Bias and Teacher Expectations in Academic Tracking]]

**Longitudinal Impact: Linking early discipline to academic disengagement and the school-to-prison pipeline**
  * American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), ACLU Staff / 2024: [[https://www.aclu.org/issues/juvenile-justice/school-prison-pipeline|The School-to-Prison Pipeline Explained]]
  * Journal of Criminal Justice, Rocque & Paternoster / 2025: [[https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/journal-of-criminal-justice|Understanding the Antecedents of the School-to-Prison Pipeline for Minority Youth]]