====== Educational Disparities ======

[[start|« Back to Boys' Crisis Overview]]

**Literacy and Reading Achievement**
  * National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 2025 Report: [[https://www.nationsreportcard.gov/reports/reading/2024/g12/|The 2024 Reading Report Card: 12th Grade Boys Score Lowest in Decades]]
  * OECD PISA, Global Education Analysis / 2025: [[https://insightintoacademia.com/the-enrollment-flip/|The "Boy Turn" in Literacy: Girls Outperform Boys in Reading in Every OECD Country]]

**Postsecondary Enrollment and Completion**
  * The Globe and Mail, Higher Ed Report / 2025: [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KSo9cD9uGE8|The "Enrollment Flip": Why Men Are Abandoning Higher Education]]
  * M-A Chronicle, Admissions Trends / 2025: [[https://machronicle.com/colleges-face-widening-gender-imbalance/|The Widening Gender Imbalance: Admissions Offices Struggle to Attract Men]]

**Special Education Identification**
  * Spark, Research Review / 2025: [[https://spark.bethel.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1018&context=etd|An Abundance of Boys: Addressing Gender Disproportionality in Special Ed]]
  * WIBM, Special Education Statistics / 2024: [[https://wibm.us/special-education/|The "Emotional Disturbance" Label: Why Boys are 255% More Likely to be Diagnosed]]

**School Discipline Disparities**
  * North Carolina Civil Rights Law Review, 2024 Analysis: [[https://journals.law.unc.edu/nccivilrightslaw/2024/05/inequity-in-schooling-discipline/|Inequity in Discipline: Black Boys 2x More Likely to be Suspended]]
  * NIH / PMC, Longitudinal Study / 2025: [[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8133760/|Unpacking the Drivers: How "Subjective" Infractions Target Male Behavior]]

**Classroom Environment and Learning Styles**
  * Frontiers in Public Health, Meta-Analysis / 2025: [[https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1651883/full|Effects of School-Based Physical Activity on Academic Achievement]]
  * UCL News, Research Study / 2024: [[https://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/2024/feb/decreasing-sedentary-time-class-reduces-obesity-children|Decreasing Sedentary Time: Improving Focus and Health in Boys]]